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- DESQview Technical Note
-
- Q: Why doesn't DESQview support more than COM1 and COM2?
-
- Q: How can I run more COM ports on my machine in DESQview?
-
- In DESQview's Change a Program, DESQview allows you to define the
- COM port that is to be used by the program. The choices are 1
- and 2. This does not mean however, that DESQview does not
- support the use of COM3 and COM4. It does.
-
- DESQview allows you to specify whether the program uses COM1 or
- COM2 so that it can attempt to make the system appear to have
- only the port (1 or 2) that you have specified. This is so ill-
- behaved programs that clear both ports on startup, making the
- assumption that they are the only program running on the machine,
- will not interfere with a program that is already using the other
- port. These programs do not typically interfere with COM3 or
- COM4, so if you are using one of these ports, you can set "Uses
- serial ports" to either N or Y. It makes no difference.
-
- However, there is a key issue here that is important to
- understand when trying to use ports beyond 2 in a multi-tasking
- system. There are two parts to serial communication:
-
- 1. The software side, which is the BIOS COM port identification.
- 2. The hardware side, which is the hardware interrupt (IRQ) that
- is being used.
-
- A good analogy for understanding the importance of this is to
- think of serial port communications as a telephone system. The
- COM port represents the actual telephone unit (the extension if
- you will). The hardware interrupt or IRQ represents the line out
- that connects to the phone company. COM1 and COM2 have their own
- dedicated lines (IRQ4 and IRQ3 respectively). This is pretty
- much a standard, defined configuration in the PC environment.
-
- But when you add a COM3 or COM4, they must be assigned an IRQ.
- You have two options, you can assign them their own separate IRQ,
- or you can assign them to one of the IRQ's that are already in
- use (3 or 4). However, if you assign a new COM port to an IRQ
- that is already assigned to another port, it is like adding
- another telephone extension to an existing line. You will be
- able to call out from either extension, but you will not be able
- to call out from both extensions at the same time - for that, you
- need a dedicated line.
-
- Most of the hardware devices (modems, mice, plotters, scanners or
- whatever), that allow you to define them as a port above 2,
- unfortunately do so while reusing IRQ3 or IRQ4. This works fine,
- when using the ports from free standing programs, one at a time,
- but in multi-tasking systems, these setups are generally
- unsatisfactory as users of multi-tasking systems want to be able
- to use the ports simultaneously.
- If the hardware that supplies your additional COM ports allows
- you to configure the port to a free IRQ, other than IRQ3 or IRQ4
- that is free on your machine, say IRQ2 or IRQ5, then that would
- be like a phone with another line out and you would be able to
- use it simultaneously with COM1 and COM2. Otherwise, you are
- limited to using these ports serially, not simultaneously.
-
- Use of FOSSIL drivers: There are some systems out there that are
- now accessing multiple ports through the use of FOSSIL drivers
- and special hardware (sometimes with its own on-board processor).
- A full discussion of FOSSIL drivers is beyond the scope of this
- technical note, but briefly, this is how they work: A driver is
- loaded in the CONFIG.SYS file and setups up communications with
- the hardware, which may contain 4, 8, or even more ports. The
- hardware usually uses ONLY one standard hardware IRQ, usually
- IRQ3 (normally COM2). The driver then is addressed as though it
- were a series of COM ports (again, 4, 8, or more). When
- communications to one of the ports is received, the driver
- multiplexes through the single IRQ to communicate with the board
- which, since it knows how to talk to the driver can determine
- which physical port on the board the data is intended for. We
- have had a number of users who have used systems with FOSSIL
- drivers to run multiple ports on electronic bulletin board
- systems and for CAM process control. To implement a multi-port
- system using FOSSIL drivers however, you need three things: The
- hardware, the FOSSIL driver and communications that are
- specifically written to use the FOSSIL driver.
-
- For more information about FOSSIL drivers, check out a file
- called FOSSIL.ARC, available on many bulletin board systems
- around the country.
-
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